Would Hip Hop Exist Without Jamaica?
Some might find this question ridiculous yet it is a very justified question one may ask. In fact Hip Hop might have never been created without the influence of a certain Jamaican, or at least it might not exist as we now know it. As a Jamaican I was very interested to find out just how much influence my country of birth had on the creation of this genre of music. From my research, this is what I discovered:
It is generally accepted that the roots of hip-hop are planted deeply in the fusion of America and Africa. African music was taken to North and South America by West African slaves. There, they developed it into their own musical styles and it gradually became popular over time. Gospel, blues and jazz are all part of this history in the U.S., while reggae, calypso and ska started in the Caribbean.
All of these influences were brought together by Clive Campbell (Kool D.J. Herc) who is regarded as the father of hip-hop. He was born in Jamaica in 1955 and later moved to the Bronx in 1967, at the tender age of twelve. With his original style of R & B, soul, funk, and obscure disco, he quickly became the driving force of the hip-hop way of life.
It is widely accepted that Herc was the first DJ to purchase two copies of the same record for just a small break (rhythmic instrumental segment) in the middle. By mixing back and forth between the two copies he was able to double, triple, or indefinitely extend the break. By doing this, he effectively deconstructed and reconstructed so-called ‘found sound’, using the turntable as his musical instrument. That concept in its entirety came from Jamaica.
Modern rap music finds its origins deeply embedded in the toasting and dub talk over elements of reggae music. In the early 70’s he attempted to incorporate his Jamaican style of dj which involved reciting improvised rhymes over the dub versions of his reggae records. Unfortunately, reggae wasn’t received positively by the majority of New Yorkers. Kool Herc realized this quickly and modified his style by chanting over the instrumental or percussion sections of the day’s popular songs. Because these breaks were relatively short, he learned to extend them indefinitely by using an audio mixer and two identical records in which he continuously replaced the desired segment.
His first professional job as a disc jockey was at the Twilight Zone in 1973. His fame exploded. In addition to his original break beats, he was also known as the man with the loudest system around. Whenever he held a party, it was a phenomenal and very loud event. Other prominent disc jockeys such as Afrika Bambaataa began trying to take Herc’s crown. Below is a quote from Jazzy Jay of the Zulu Nation:
“Herc was late setting up and Bam (Afrika Bambaataa) continued to play longer than he should have. Once Herc was set up he got on the microphone and said “Bambaataa, could you please turn your system down?” Bam’s crew was pumped and told Bam not to do it. So Herc said louder, “Yo, Bambaataa, turn your system down-down-down.” Bam’s crew started cursing Herc until Herc put the full weight of his system up and said, “Bambaataa-baataa -baataa, TURN YOUR SYSTEM DOWN!” And you couldn’t even hear Bam’s set at all. The Zulu crew tried to turn up the juice but it was no use. Everybody just looked at them like, “You should’ve listened to Kool Herc.”
Herc’s career began to fall in 1977. The emergence of Grandmaster Flash and Bambaataa’s various crews with their polished emcee styles began to overshadow Herc. He was later stabbed three times at one of his own parties and was never the same. He played his last Old School party in 1984.
It is sad that a person like this is not a common part of the modern hip hop vernacular. Jamaican born Kool Herc, the father of this new form of music that has now been embraced by the masses all over the globe.
Let us ensure that his significant contribution to the musical art form is not forgotten.
Source: wikipedia
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so true and no one gives credit where credit is due.
The Jamaican sound systems and deejays were what made hip-hop possible. Picture a basement party in Brooklyn in the early to mid-70s hosted by some expatriate yardies. The room is packed and sweaty, there’s a DJ with two turntables at the far end busy flipping and occasionally rhythmically scratching vinyl discs, a selector choosing the hardest most danceable dub cuts, and a maniac on the mic going off with some insane scat-singing over the bass-heavy riddim. Now picture an African-American born and raised in NYC who’s been invited and is witnessing all this for the first time. Some gears are clicking in his mind: Imagine this crazy stuff with yankees chatting over R&B. There you have the roots of hip-hop.
So many do not know this important part of the story.
It’s been a oneness in NY all the while when I was coming up. Garveyites flocked to the city in early century and dispersed in all directions. We’ve been intermarrying and interpartying for a long time. It’s my West Coast friends who have a harder time imagining these origins. Music was an outgrowth of larger things going on in the regional culture.
Years ago, I was thrilled to see a documentary on TV showing how hip hop was started by a Jamaican scratching and doing his reggae ‘dub’ on the streets of NY, I believe in the early 70s… It was in B&W.. slightly hazy now. I didn’t see a repeat and have searched and still unable to find it. Found many others but not that particular one. Any help?
This is so true i could relate to that because at the age of 8 my father used to promote dance, I came in contact with those beat by a sound name sir cox son dad, who played a lot of King stitch follow by a sound name son junior and king tubby s most of the music was by channel one studio and they were of a rap like nature, just play some of the early music by general echo and muma liza and see the rap style in their music, I could go earlier when i use to dance for money at the age of 6 on the street they use to hum the beat and someone would harmonize it with a rap like Nature…truly Rap music came from Jamaica reggae beat….
This is so true i could relate to that because at the age of 8 my father used to promote dance, I came in contact with those beat by a sound name sir cox son dad, who played a lot of King stitch follow by a sound name son junior and king tubby s most of the music was by channel one studio and they were of a rap like nature, just play some of the early music by general echo and muma liza and see the rap style in their music, I could go earlier when i use to dance for money at the age of 6 on the street they use to hum the beat and someone would harmonize it with a rap like Nature…truly Rap music came from Jamaica reggae beat….
The Jamaican sound systems and deejays were what made hip-hop possible. Picture a basement party in Brooklyn in the early to mid-70s hosted by some expatriate yardies. The room is packed and sweaty, there’s a DJ with two turntables at the far end busy flipping and occasionally rhythmically scratching vinyl discs, a selector choosing the hardest most danceable dub cuts, and a maniac on the mic going off with some insane patois scat-singing over the bass-heavy riddim. Now picture an African-American born and raised in NYC who’s been invited and is witnessing all this for the first time. Some gears are clicking in his mind: Imagine this crazy stuff with yankees chatting over R&B. There you have the roots of hip-hop.
so true and no one gives credit where credit is due.
Toasting as they use to call it on the microphone start in the 60s bk in jamaica i dancehalls a guy called :king stitch: aslo afta him was delinger and many more toasting icons. If it wasnt for these guys hip hop would exist. And today wat we called dancehall music. So alot oc respect to those who start the thing in america, but jamaica is where it all begons. Blessed im out.
Its strange how we can jump to point out how grateful the Jamaican music industry is to the world but never thought how grateful the world is to the Jamaican music industry (if they really have one). Let me point out foremost: Jamaica music industry is rooted in NEW ORLEANS. It owes its existence to ANTOINE “FATS” DOMINO. The mento we recorded between the 1950s and the 1960s was not going anywhere. I urge you to listen to all the songs done from the pre-Ska era onward and you will hear the American flattery as clear as crystal—its influence is written all over the industry. Take a listen to earlier works of artistes such as Laurel Aitkens, The Jiving Juniors and Alton & Eddie and you will never have to wonder where they got the influence. Theophelus Becklford, ‘EASY SNAPPING”, got its influence from Fats Domino—in fact it sounds pretty much like a plagiarized version of a Fats Domino song that I know. Ska is an upbeat version of Jazz–a genre that WAS created in America – played by the big bands of the day, long before it became recorded music. I again urge you to go and listen to music of the 1940s–the rag-tag era. Now what you called Ska, morphed into the Jamaican ROCK STEADY, a genre CREATED by a TRINIDADIAN named LYN TAIT. Music is a constant evolution takes many shapes and forms as long as ideas keep generating. Hip Hop just happens to be in the evolution and I am sure it influenced many other forms as well. So while you are over jealous to point out how something evolved from Jamaica, be over zealous as well to point out that Jamaica plagiarized other people and BENEFITED IMMENSELY. In fact, if you listen to TONY REBEL “NAZARITE VOW”, BUJU BANTO “MAKE MY DAY” AND CUTTY RANKS “ARMED AND DANGEROUS”, they are plain HIP HOP SONGS. If you do not know your history, you will be preaching ignorance. All it takes to emancipate yourselves from ignorance is RESEARCH AND READ!!!!!! The world owes JAMAICA NOTHING—–if anything, HIP HOP is payment for the music industry Jamaica got from AMERICA. Its a pity Jamaica cannot capitalize on what they got the same way America is capitalizing on HIP HOP. Such a shame!!!!
Years ago, I was thrilled to see a documentary on TV showing how hip hop was started by a Jamaican scratching and doing his reggae ‘dub’ on the streets of NY, I believe in the early 70s… It was in B&W.. slightly hazy now. I didn’t see a repeat and have searched and still unable to find it. Found many others but not that particular one. Any help?